· Why did college youth become strikebreakers?

College men were primarily of upper middle class and did not sympathize with the workers

Provided tobacco money

Part of the college experience

Often represented the only pool of skilled labor

Projected a much more presentable image to the middle class public

· How did it reflect issues of masculinity?

No war, men searched for other outlets of masculinity

Replacment for baned masculine college traditions

Muscular Christianity and the YMCA

Coaches encouraged athletes

Working class said they weren’t real men. That they were yellow

wasn’t controlled by a woman

· What was the function of mercenary agencies in the US in the car wars?

They would be able to send in strikebreakers very quickly for the purpose of keeping the cars going. Resented by sympathizers as criminals and scoundrels, the society people saw them as soldiers and associated them with frontiersmen.

· What is the most surprising information you learned from these readings?

Man who worked undercover as a worker for two and a half years to discover the leaders of the unions

Machine guns brought in to break up crowds

President Theodore Roosevelt’s dishonorable discharge of 167 black soldiers

Arresting of seventeen ringleaders including two 11 year old girls for walking out of class because strikebreakers brought coal to the schools

· How and why did African-Americans become strikebreakers?

Became strike breakers because they were used to the horrible conditions that they would have to work in. it was believed that they would be less sympathetic to strike sympathizers.

3.27

A Black longshorman states the demands of his union to increase wages of workers. ‘ we have 4000 men and we have the labor, and you have got the money and the guns and the ammunition so we will take god for our ammunition. That is all the war we want’

3.28

A white press view of the strike described in the previous document. The strikers held a meeting with speeches of temperate tone warning them to avoid violence, citing that having a dignified course would ensure them the support of the community.

3.29

IAM leaders writing to have race discrimination taken out of the unions constitution to make the union stronger and bring the labor organizations of the country closer together

3.30

A white worker defend the racial exclusion in the union saying that it the Negro only slows the progress of the white man. Says the Negro is just competition for wages that they don’t need acould lead to ‘shops where a white man will be driven out and have no chance whatsoever.

3.31

Black news reported challenges the IAM’s policy of continuing to discriminate against black workers. Saying that it ‘is nothing but prejudice that keeps them out’

3.32

A white miner argues on behalf of black workers saying the white worker has it bad enough but the black worker goes through hell despite his being just as useful and loyal to the company. Argues that promoting equality is in the best interest of all ‘ by saving him we save ourselves, our wives, and out children’