January 26, 2006: Conquest of Land, People, and Ideas

 

Read before class: 

·         Give Me liberty, 591-613      Lecture outline

·         Voices of Freedom, 23-27

·         Indian Life documents

·         “Break Up the Reservations”

·         Andrew Carnegie, excerpt from “Wealth” with background

 

Questions: How was the American West transformed during the late 19th century? How were Plains Indians conquered, both militarily and in terms of ideas and values? What conflict of ideas are evident in the various primary readings? What key words do you see used to justify the conquest of Native American life? What was wrong with the Indian life from the Euro-American perspective?  What significance do you think these readings have for today?

 

 

Recommended Websites/readings:

Barbed wire and DeKalb’s connection to the conquest:

Indian Life and compromising with “civilization”

George Kills in Sight Describes the Death of Indian Leader Crazy Horse

“All That Is Passed Away”: A Young Indian Praises U.S. Government Policy in the Late 19th century

“Kill the Indian, and Save the Man”: Capt. Richard C. Pratt on the Education of Native Americans

Ballad to a Massacre: Private Prather’s Portrait of Wounded Knee 

Interview with Ward Churchill about genocide of Native Americans

History of the American West

 1860-1920 –photos

Women Artists of the American West

Peopling North America: Population Movements & Migration

Indian Peoples of the Northern Great Plains 

Camping With the Sioux: Fieldwork Diary of Alice Cunningham Fletcher 

Website on Wounded Knee massacre

The Autobiography of Geronimo

Indigenous People's Literature

NativeWeb: Resources for Indigneous Cultures Around the World
“to provide a cyber-place for Earth’s indigenous peoples.” Includes 81 “history” links; bibliographies “Our purpose is not to ’preserve,’ in museum fashion, some vestige of the past, but to foster communication among peoples engaged in the present and looking toward a sustainable future for those yet unborn.”

Making It Their Own: Women in the West

Photographs of the American West, 1861–1912

A Cowboy’s Work is Never Done: George Martin

Black [African-American] Cowboys

Western and Cowboy Poetry

A German Jewish Woman Settles in North Dakota

“You Would Never Hear People Complain”: Elfido López Recalls Rural Mexican-American Life in the Late 19th century

Rural Mexican-American Life in the Late 19th Century

Rock Springs riot

     Murdering Chinese laborers in the west and getting away with it

Home on the Range: Richard Phillips, cowboy

Photographs from the Great Northern Plains

Chinese Exclusion Act

“Genesee Had Railroads”: Kenneth Platt Recalls the Importance of the Railroad to Late Nineteenth-Century Western Towns
 One town boomed while its neighbors languished in economic isolation, largely as a result of the rail station in Genesee.

Westward by Sea: A Maritime Perspective on American Expansion, 1820–1890
 explores themes such as the California Gold Rush, whaling, maritime business, migration and immigration, women’s role in the West, and interactions between European migrants and native inhabitants

 “A Little Standing Army in Himself”: N. A. Jennings Tells of the Texas Rangers, 1875
The Rangers were founded in 1835 to fight Indians, formed a special corps in the Mexican War, and were re-established after the Civil War.

The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848 brought an enormous chunk of Mexico to the United States. This added to the territory obtained by the annexation of Texas in 1845, but more than just territory was added. More than 75,000 Spanish-speaking residents became U.S. citizens, but the struggle to achieve that citizenship was long and often unsuccessful. Mexican-Americans lost political power and civil liberties quickly in Texas. Justice was hard to secure and the ranching country of South Texas became a landless borderland for Anglo and Hispano alike. Cattle thieves were rampant. Mexicans and Mexican-Americans also had to endure a terror campaign by the Texas Rangers, the state’s leading law enforcement officers. One of those Rangers, N. A. Jennys described a complex pattern of ethnic conflict along the border in 1875 in his A Texas Ranger. The Rangers were founded in 1835 to fight Indians, formed a special corps in the Mexican War, and were re-established after the Civil War.

“Everything Was Lively”: David Hickman Describes the Prosperity Late Nineteenth-Century Railroads Brought to the West