March 20: Cold War

March 28-30: The Cold war and the culture of fear

Please read all of the instructions carefully. It is your responsibility to know what’s going on based on these instructions.

Read for March 28: (all of the readings for this week are due to be read by Tuesday, as announced in class on Thursday, march 23) please read carefully

· Give Me Liberty, 893-926

· Voices of Freedom 175-178 & Kennan’s top secret document Compare the Truman doctrine, (the open expression of U.S. foreign policy), to Kennan’s document on the Philippines (top-secret doctrine, which was not declassified until 1984.) What conclusions can you draw from these documents? We will spend the first part of Tuesday’s class discussing these documents. If we have a quiz on Tuesday, it will be based on these documents, and the material in the first part of the chapter, pages 894-915 of Foner, give me liberty!

Preparation for Thursday’s debate Everyone read, in preparation for conducting a mock trial (or government hearing) for someone labeled a “subversive”

· List of Organizations on the Attorney General’s Subversive List, 1950

· The Menace Emerges

· The State Steps in –

· Congressional Committees

· Read these materials in conjunction with Foner’s chapter. This will give you the essential background overview of how the prosecution and accusations worked. As you read, you will have to decide who you are going to prosecute, why they are being prosecuted, what kind of evidence you will present against them, and what kind of a defense they will have, and what key points you are drawing from what the accusations of subversion meant for American society in this period.

Extra reading: In addition, tou should have selected one of the following 6 readings to prepare/report to your group.

· Excerpts from the Evansville Indiana hearings

· Prosecution and Defense Statements, 1949 Trial of American Communist Party Leaders (click here if that is inaccessible)

· "You Are the Un-Americans, and You Ought to be Ashamed of Yourselves": Paul Robeson Appears Before HUAC (click here if that is not accessible)

· Ordeal of the Loyalty Test

· Ernie Demaio Oral History on HUAC

· The McCarthy Witchhunt connects homosexuality and subversion of government

On Tuesday, march 28

Bring your textbook to class, as well as the readings assigned for Thursday, so you can work out preparations for the role play on Thursday.

We will spend at least 30 minutes on this class discussing the Cold War foreign policy based esp on the Kennan and Truman Doctrine. The last part of class you will be preparing for the Thursday mock trial of a subversive.

You will be able to correspond by e-mail or whatever way you’d like to have an effective presentation prepared for Thursday

· Before Thursday’s class, by e-mail, your group reporter will turn in the scenario/role play developed by your group. I will have to know in advance the scenario and key points you are going to be making with this role play. Your group will not get credit if this is not turned in advance of class. Your group will receive an evaluation based on how realistic and well-developed your role play suggestion was. All of the scenarios will be posted on-line after Thursday’s class, but we will not be able to do all of them. I encourage everyone to assist the group reporter in developing this, this should not be one person’s job, but only one person will turn it in. In addition, I will be asking the group reporter to relate what each person contributed to the job.

· For the report, be sure to address the issues of who you are going to prosecute, with key background information, who will be doing the prosecuting, and why, what factors are involved, what kind of evidence you will present against them, and what kind of a defense they will make for themselves. I would like to see you drawing from all readings that are available, and to tell me what key points you are trying to convey with this role play. Email them to me @ rfeurer@niu.edu

We chose groups for preparation on Thursday, March 23, so if you missed that class, you will be assigned to an existing group on March 28, unless someone contacts you. You will need to take one of the extra readings and be responsible for that whether or not you were there on March 23.

Recommended Websites:

· Universal Declaration of Human Rights the hope and model for the postwar world

· Documents on the Cold War see right side of opening page for various links.

· Map of Europe at the Start of the Cold War

· How the Cold War Worked –Noam Chomsky

· Historical Text Archive’s links to 36 sites on the Cold War

· Truman Doctrine -origins and response by Soviet Union

· U.S. vs USSR nuclear capacity, 1945-1996 –

· 20 mishaps that might have sparked a nuclear war

· United States Secretly Deployed Nuclear Bombs In 27 Countries and Territories During Cold War

· 50 facts about nuclear weapons

· Military Industrial Complex” complete speech by Eisenhower

· U.S. Plans for the postwar during World War II—constructing the postwar capitalist system—exploitation of the 3^rd world

· Cold War Links Age of Paranoia—links on various subjects

· NSC-68 – the secet document of plans to confront the Soviet Union and build military funding

· U.S. military spending during the Cold war

· US/CIA manipulations of Italy’s postwar elections, 1948 http://members.aol.com/bblum6/italy1.htm

· The Marshall Plan as Cold War Policy

· More on the context of George Kennan’s comments (see my outline) U.S. global role—revisiting imperialism in the Philippines

· The CIA in Indonesia: bloody coups and dictators http://members.aol.com/bblum6/indo1.htm

· Indonesian Massacres and the CIA

· U.S. secrecy and lies: a brief history of how historians have discovered some of the real history of U.S. foreign policy, and the problems with a “secret” foreign policy http://fpif.org/briefs/vol5/v5n24secrets_body.html

· William Blum, Killing Hope, U.S. Military and CIA Interventions since World War II

· Instances of the U.S. overthrowing, or attempting to overthrow, a foreign government since World War II

· The CIA’s attempt to influence U.S. and world culture, including the history profession

· LSD and the CIA – experiments on unwitting soldiers for mind control -- printer friendly version

· The documents on the CIA in Iran, 1953

· Browse through an article planted by the CIA in the New York Times about the ousting of Mossedeq in 1953

· CIA and Guatemala/Assassinations

· US/CIA manipulations of Italy’s postwar elections, 1948

· The CIA in Indonesia: bloody coups and dictators

Iran

· Iran, 1953 – excerpt from Bill Blum’s Killing Hope, on the CIA in Iran, 1953; excerpt is not footnoted, but original is well- evidenced

· The recently released documents on the CIA in Iran, 1953 http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB28/index.html Most documents were destroyed, but enough survives to piece together the story. If you browse through these, you will find that the key criticism is that psychological forces were not employed strongly enough to control the U.S. media. See Section X, what was learned from the

· Browse through an article planted by the CIA in the New York Times about the ousting of Mossedeq in 1953 (see my outline for background) http://www.nytimes.com/library/world/mideast/082053iran-army.html

· The Subversion of Undesireable Governments both Iran and Guatemala covered as well as numerous others, in capsule fashion—excerpt from Richard Barnet, Intervention and Revolution: The U.S. in the Third World

Guatemala

· Guatemala, 1954 excerpt from Bill Blum’s Killing Hope, on the CIA and overthrow of Arbenz; excerpt is not footnoted, but original is well evidenced

· Guatemala documentation project –materials that have confirmed the complicity of the U.S. with the brutal regime established in 1954.

· CIA and Guatemala/Assassinations: assassination as a strategy for control – overthrowing democratic leaders by assassination

· U.S. policy in Guatemala: Killing Fields

· Guatemala, 1962-1980s –what happened in the aftermath of the coup by Bill Blum

· What goes around comes around—CIA in Guatemala – by Retired Lt. Col. \

· CIA and Guatemala/Assassinations: assassination as a strategy for control – overthrowing democratic leaders by assassination

· Investigating a dissenter -- These hearings took place pursuant to the McCarran Act, or Subversive Control Act. Why is this person being investigated? In what ways do these hearings convey the agenda?

· Domestic Side of anti-communism: experimenting on the American public Browse material from late 40s on; Note that unconfirmed speculation is clearly noted as such, but the projects of the CIA and Defense Department, etc, are based on what we do know. On October 10, 2002, more details of toxic tests on soldiers 1963-1973 were revealed.

· I’m Not Afraid of the A-Bomb

The Domestic Side of the Cold War in the 1940s and 1950s

The Literature and Culture of the American 50s with many many links

Short excerpts from Many are the Crimes by Ellen Schrecker (on the effects of the McCarthy era)

· The Menace Emerges

· The Growth of the Anti-Communist Network:

—the origins of the private forces that came to power in the FBI’s network

· The State Steps in – the role of those in power in forcing the agenda

· Congressional Committees—HUAC and beyond, how they worked, why people used the 5^th Amendment, how they didn’t gain new information

· Blacklists and other sanctions -the real goal: costing dissenters their jobs

· Legacy of McCarthyism

· : "You Are the Un-Americans, and You Ought to be Ashamed of Yourselves": Paul Robeson Appears Before HUAC
"They Want to Muzzle Public Opinion": John Howard Lawson's Warning to the American Public
"The World Was at Stake": Three "Friendly" HUAC Hollywood Witnesses Assess Pro-Soviet Wartime Films
"A Damaging Impression of Hollywood Has Spread": Movie "Czar" Eric Johnston Testifies before HUAC
"Damage": Collier's Assesses the Army-McCarthy Hearings
"Not Only Ridiculous, but Dangerous": Collier's Objects to Joseph McCarthy's Attacks on the Press
"I Cannot and Will Not Cut My Conscience to Fit This Year's Fashions": Lillian Hellman Refuses to Name Names
"Enemies from Within": Senator Joseph R. McCarthy and President Harry S. Truman Trade Accusations of Disloyalty
"I Have Sung in Hobo Jungles, and I Have Sung for the Rockefellers": Pete Seeger Refuses to "Sing" for HUAC
"We Must Keep the Labor Unions Clean": "Friendly" HUAC Witnesses Ronald Reagan and Walt Disney Blame Hollywood Labor Conflicts on Communist Infiltration
"National Suicide": Margaret Chase Smith and Six Republican Senators Speak Out Against Joseph McCarthy's Attack on "Individual Freedom"

· Hollywood Blacklist- a summary

· List of 200 organizations on the Attorney General’s Subversive List, 1950

· Enemies from Within: McCarthy and Truman Exchange Views – on the paranoia of the era

· Prosecuting and Defending Communists == trials of Communists in 1950s

· Hollywood: Red Nightmare and He Must Be a Communist http://carmen.artsci.washington.edu/propaganda/video/index.html

· Anti-Communist Hollywood propaganda

· “A Damaging Impression of Hollywood Has Spread”: Hollywood mogul testifies before HUAC

· Friendly Witnesses explain WWII pro-Stalin movies

· Material on Joseph McCarthy: http://webcorp.com/mccarthy/mccarthypage.htm

· Hear Senator McCarthy: http://www.cwrl.utexas.edu/~mcnicholas/E309-Spring98/assign2/military/mcarthy.html

· The American 1950s: Excellent site on the literature and culture of the Cold War. Loaded with material

· Howard Zinn on the history of the FBI: http://mediafilter.escape.com/MFF/FBI.html

· The McCarthy Witchhunt connects homosexuality and subversion of government

· The effect of the Witchhunt on getting U.S. into Vietnam

· Communists should not teach in American Colleges (1949)

Those that challenged the Hearings ( a very small number did…)

· They Want to Muzzle Opinion – John Lawson on HUAC

· You are the Un-Americans; Paul Robeson’s testimony before HUAC

· Lilian Hellman refuses to cooperate with HUAC

· Pete Seeger refuses to “sing” for McCarthy

· Bill Mandel Confronts HUAC in 1960 –by 1960, Mandel’s courage to confront HUAC left him in contempt, but he was contemptuous of the whole proceeding; see it also on film

· Investigating a dissenter: http://www.english.upenn.edu/~afilreis/50s/morrison.html

“You Couldn’t Escape the Anti- Communism:” Jack O’Dell Recalls Red-Baiting in the Civil Rights Movement

· Have You No Sense of Decency – in the late 1950s, when the unleashed McCarthy suggested that Communists were infiltrating the army, a senator takes a stand; Collier’s Magazine assesses the fallout from the Army McCarthy Hearings

· Alger Hiss Story: A Search for Truth

· The Trial of Julius and Ethel Roseberg

· McCarran Act – plans for concentration camps

· Communist Control act

· McCarran Walter Act –-targeting left-wing immigrants for deportation

· FBI’s COINTELPRO operation: (it’s operation to neutralize dissenting voices) http://www.derechos.net/paulwolf/cointelpro/cointel.htm

· FBI files: see the secret police spying on dissenters, 1000s of files http://www.newstrench.com/01secret/01secret.htm

· Facts about Fallout -propaganda about the fears of nuclear age

· “The Utopian Promise of the Peacetime Atom”: Predictions and Hopes for Atomic Energy – the atom as the key to life in the future

· Howl by Alan Ginsberg --beatnik poem on the Mad, Mad world of repression; at the time, this poem was censored

· Comparing Fear in the 1950s to Fear after 9-11

· U.S. Weapons Secrets Exposed