February 21: 1920s:
Culture of Hierarchy
Read:
·
Give Me Liberty 769-799
·
Voices of Freedom, 117-132
·
“Stop the Influx of the
Foreign”
·
Excerpts from the Imperial
Nighthawk
·
Who Was Shut Out?: Immigration
Quotas, 1925–1927
·
Eugenics Popularization
this url will take you to the site, but you will need to look on the left
side to click on the material for Eugenics
popularization. Click on that to read the essay with the images. I encourage
you to browse some of the other material at the site as well, especially on
immigration and eugenics. To print out the essay without images, click on this url
Questions to consider as
you read
o
Using the documents and the text explain how the meaning of freedom was
transformed in the 1920s. Be sure to be able to give specifics from the
readings to justify your generalization
o
Reinhold Neibuhr stated in the 1920s that
o
The 1920s is usually defined at the “roaring twenties” in high school
history textbooks. Document who was and who was not, “roaring” in the 1920s.
Your answer ought to illustrate the dichotomy of the decade that Foner
dicscusses
o
One newspaper of the day declared that “the American citizen’s first
importance to his country is no longer that of a citizen bu8t that of a
consumer.” Analyze the validity of that statement. Be sure to include a comment
from the Voices of Freedom excerpt
o
Why did immigration restrictions and eugenics grow in popularity during
this decade?
·
Calvin Coolidge on the
Spirituality of Commerce
·
Basic
Background to the Red Scare
·
Attorney General A. Mitchell
Palmer Makes “The Case against the Reds”
·
“The Making of a Red” –satire
on how easy it was to label someone as unpatriotic
·
Emma Goldman Describes Her
Deportation in the Era of the Red Scare –you’ve already read this for
previous class, so don’t choose it as extra
·
Red Scare- major set
of photographs from the Literary Digest, a mainstream publication, depicting
the great fear of subversion
·
The Sacco and
Vanzetti case- a summary and links
·
Felix
Frankfurter on Sacco and Vanzetti-essay from The Nation (1927) with
links about the nature of the judicial system and why this case was remembered
by legal scholars and historians and activists through the 1990s
·
“They Are Dead Now”: Eulogy for
Sacco and Vanzetti
·
“Save Sacco and Vanzetti”: The
Defense Committee’s Plea
·
“March On, O Dago Christs”: Sacco
and Vanzetti Memorialized
·
“We Stand Defeated America”: Sacco
and Vanzetti in John Dos Passos’ U.S.A.
·
Ballad for Sacco and
Vanzetti Joan Baez’ ballad
·
The
Trial of Sacco and Vanzetti
·
The Sacco and
Vanzetti case- a summary and links
·
American Eugenics Society—(founded
1922) goals, by the Eugenics Watch group. The main page of this site
also has other useful information, though it launches charges against groups
like Planned Parenthood that are not sustained with evidence. Nevertheless, it
has a great deal of useful information, including a database of those famous
people who were eugenics supporters
·
“The Civilizing Force of Birth
Control”: Margaret Sanger Becomes a Moderate (how eugenics ideas merged
with the birth control movement)
·
Madison Grant, The
Passing of the Great Race –modern Eugenics emanating from the Progressive
Era-==entire book on-line
·
Madison Grant on New
Immigrants as Survival of the Unfit 1918
·
Forgotten
History of Eugenics
·
Who Was Shut Out?: Immigration
Quotas, 1925–1927
·
Shut the Door: A Senator Speaks
for Immigration Restriction
·
An “Un-American Bill”: A
Congressman Denounces Immigration Quotas
·
“The Senate’s Declaration of War”:
Japan Responds to Japanese Exclusion
·
Not All Caucasians Are White: The
Supreme Court Rejects Citizenship for Asian Indians
·
Collection
of KKK documents from the 1920s and beyond –29 documents, including some
published in
·
Women in the Ku Klux
Klan in the 1920s (see previous entry for women in KKK as well) Beliefs, Activities
(Excerpts from Kathryn Blee’s Women in the Klan)
·
Klan violence was broad, not just
against African-Americans
·
“Love and Companionship Came
First”: Floyd Dell on Modern Marriage
·
40 Documents
and Images on “New Woman of the 1920s”—from Roland Marchands teaching site
·
“I Am Only a Piece of Machinery”:
Housewives Analyze Their Problems
·
Who Won the Debate over
the Equal Rights Amendment in the 1920s?—several documents
·
Pacifism vs. Patriotism
in Women's Organizations in the 1920s:--several documents
·
“When the Whistle Blows . . . I
Come Home and Get Supper”: Women and Work in the Interwar Years
·
The New Woman of the 1920s:
Debating Bobbed-Hair
·
Bobbed Hair Blues: A
Mexican-American Song Laments “Las Pelonas”
·
Pay
Gap By Occupation – find out how the pay gap established in the early 20th
century still affects you (You can also consult the explanation
for why this is still the case (see
other useful links on the left side of the page)
·
The Struggle of Negro Women for
Sex and Race Emancipation”
·
A White Tulsan’s Perspective on
the Tulsa Race Riot of 1921
·
Marcus Garvey movement
(Origins of black nationalism--see bottom of this link for additional links)
·
A Black High-School Student Tells What 1920s Movies
Meant to Him
·
"The New Negro":
"When He's Hit, He Hits Back!"
·
"Let Us Reason
Together": W. E. B. Du Bois Defends Black Resistance
·
100,000,000 Guinea Pigs: The
Dangers of Consumption (critics of advertising in the 1920s)
·
From Cowboys to Clara Bow: A College
Student’s Motion Picture Autobiography
·
Kissing Rudy Valentino: A
High-School Student Describes Movie Going in the 1920s
·
Frustration versus Fantasy: How the
Movies Made Some People Restless
·
“Complete Nudity Is Never
Permitted”: The Motion Picture Production Code of 1930 (Mae West)
·
“Love and Companionship Came First”:
Floyd Dell on Modern Marriage
·
Baseball in the 1920s –poet
Carlos Williams paean to the national pastime
·
The Rise of the Baseball Fan in
the 1920s
·
Paying Homage to “Babe” Ruth
·
Trial
of the Chicago Blacksox of 1921- explore the power issue behind the famous
1919 team’s sellout
·
The Intolerable
City: Lewis Mumford Attacks Unplanned Growth
In this selection, one of the earliest
critics of suburbanization suggested that unplanned
suburban growth would lead to sterile
conformity in American life, harm to green space and a blight on democracy
·
“Shall the Fundamentalists Win?”:
Defending Liberal Protestantism in the 1920s
·
Scopes
“Monkey Trial” – battle over evolution
Including “Hell
and High School” –attack on teachers who teach evolution
·
“Not Rum but Righteousness”: Billy
Sunday Attacks Booze
·
“Shall We Gather at the River?”:
Aimee Semple McPherson on Prohibition
·
Objecting to the Occupation of
Haiti
·
Justifying the Occupation of
Nicaragua—be sure to review the materials on
·
Southern Mill Town in the 1920s
·
11 cents cotton, 40
cents meat written in 1932, but speaks to the agricultural and textiles
depression of the 1920s
·
Warning Against the “Roman
Catholic Party”: Catholicism and the
1928 Election
·
“I Was More of a Citizen”: A Puerto
Rican Garment Worker Describes Discrimination in the 1920s
·
Bobbed Hair Blues: A
Mexican-American Song Laments “Las Pelonas”